Tham khảo Justinianus_I

Ghi chú

  1. ↑ Dans une lettre de Bản mẫu:Date- adressée au pape, il parle de « notre État » pour désigner l'Empire.
  2. ↑ Justinian himself took the field only once, during a campaign against the Huns in 559, when he was already an old man. This enterprise was largely symbolic and although no battle was fought, the emperor held a triumphal entry in the capital afterwards. (See Browning, R. Justinian and Theodora. London 1971, 193.)
  3. ↑ Selon un récit du Bản mẫu:S- souvent repris, Justinien se serait exclamé à la vue de la basilique: Chú thích trống (trợ giúp) , faisant référence au temple de Salomon. Toutefois, le caractère apocryphe de cette phrase, rapportée plusieurs siècles après la mort de Justinien, ne fait guère de doute, d'autant que le récit en lui-même a des airs de pamphlet déguisé, critiquant la vanité de l'empereur (. tr. 269.  Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |éditeur= (trợ giúp); Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |année= (trợ giúp); Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |titre= (trợ giúp); Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |auteur= (trợ giúp); |tựa đề= trống hay bị thiếu (trợ giúp)).

Chú thích

  1. ↑ Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2008, ISBN 1593394926, p. 1007.
  2. ↑ History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene, Volume 2, J. B. Bury, Cosimo, Inc., 2008, ISBN 1605204056, tr. 7.
  3. ↑ J. F. Haldon, Byzantium in the seventh century (Cambridge, 2003), 17–19.
  4. ↑ For instance by G. P. Baker (Justinian, New York 1938), or in the Outline of Great Books series (Justinian the Great).
  5. ↑ On the western Roman Empire, see now H. Börm, Westrom (Stuttgart 2013).
  6. ↑ “History 303: Finances under Justinian”. Tulane.edu. Truy cập ngày 14 tháng 11 năm 2012. 
  7. ↑ Evans, J. A. S., The Age of Justinian: the circumstances of imperial power. các trang 93–94
  8. ↑ The Inheritance of Rome, Chris Wickham, Penguin Books Ltd. 2009, ISBN 978-0-670-02098-0 (page 90)
  9. ↑ John Henry Merryman and Rogelio Pérez-Perdomo, The Civil Law Tradition: An Introduction to the Legal Systems of Europe and Latin America, 3rd ed. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), pp. 9–11.
  10. ↑ Treadgold 1997, tr. 246.
  11. ↑ Michael Maas (18 tháng 4 năm 2005). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139826877. 
  12. ↑ Barker, John W. (1966). Justinian and the later Roman Empire. University of Wisconsin Press. tr. 75. ISBN 978-0-299-03944-8. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 11 năm 2011. 
  13. ↑ Robert Browning (2003). Justinian and Theodora. Gorgias Press. ISBN 9781593330538. 
  14. ↑ Shifting Genres in Late Antiquity, Hugh Elton, Geoffrey Greatrex, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2015, ISBN 1472443500, p. 259.
  15. ↑ Pannonia and Upper Moesia: A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire, András Mócsy, Routledge, 2014, ISBN 1317754255, p. 350.
  16. ↑ Tate 2004, tr. 79.
  17. ↑ Tate 2004, tr. 77.
  18. 1 2 Maraval 2016, tr. 41.
  19. ↑ Moorhead 1994, tr. 18.
  20. ↑ Maraval 2016, tr. 42.
  21. ↑ Brian Croke (2007). Justinian under Justin. Reconfiguring a Reign (bằng tiếng Anh) 100. tr. 13-56. .
  22. 1 2 Maraval 2016, tr. 43.
  23. ↑ Kaplan 2016, tr. 99.
  24. ↑ Kaplan 2016, tr. 100-101.
  25. ↑ Maraval 2016, tr. 66.
  26. ↑ Maraval 2016, tr. 68.
  27. ↑ Diehl 1901, tr. 188.
  28. 1 2 Tate 2004, tr. 836.
  29. ↑ Tate 2004, tr. 344.
  30. ↑ Procopius xứ Caesarea, Bí sử, VIII, 24, 26.
  31. ↑ Maraval 2016, tr. 67.
  32. ↑ For an account of Justinian's wars, see Moorhead (1994), các trang. 22–24, 63–98, và 101–9.
  33. ↑ Geoffrey Greatrex, "Byzantium and the East in the Sixth Century" in Michael Maas (ed.). Age of Justinian (2005), các trang 477–509.
  34. ↑ J. Norwich, Byzantium: The Early Centuries, tr. 195.
  35. ↑ See for this section Moorhead (1994), tr. 89 ff., Greatrex (2005), tr. 488 ff., and especially H. Börm, "Der Perserkönig im Imperium Romanum", in Chiron 36, 2006, p. 299 ff.
  36. ↑ J. Norwich, Byzantium: The Early Centuries, 229
  37. ↑ Moorhead ((1994), tr. 164) đưa ra số liệu thấp hơn, Greatrex ((2005), tr. 489) đưa ra số liệu cao hơn.
  38. ↑ Moorhead (1994), tr. 68.
  39. ↑ Vgl. dazu Yves Modéran: Byzanz’ letzte Bastion in Afrika. In: Badisches Landesmuseum (Hrsg.), Das Königreich der Vandalen, Mainz 2009, tr. 376.
  40. ↑ Procopius. “II.XXVIII”. De Bello Vandalico. 
  41. 1 2 “Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades”. Tulane. 
  42. ↑ Vgl. Henning Börm: Das weströmische Kaisertum nach 476. In: Josef Wiesehöfer, Henning Börm, Norbert Ehrhardt (Hrsg.): Monumentum et instrumentum inscriptum: beschriftete Objekte aus Kaiserzeit und Spätantike als historische Zeugnisse. Festschrift für Peter Weiß zum 65. Geburtstag. Stuttgart 2008, S. 47–69 (online)
  43. ↑ J. Norwich, Byzantium: The Early Centuries, 251
  44. ↑ J. Norwich, Byzantium: The Early Centuries, 233
  45. ↑ So etwa Henning Börm: Westrom. Von Honorius bis Justinian. Stuttgart 2013, S. 135–139.
  46. ↑ Cheynet 2012, tr. 40.
  47. ↑ Maraval 2016, tr. 285-286.
  48. ↑ Chú thích trống (trợ giúp) , Bản mẫu:Tr.35.
  49. ↑ Maraval 2016, tr. 286.
  50. ↑ Pour plus de précisions sur l'Espagne byzantine, voir Article (sửa | talk | lịch sử | liên kết | theo dõi | nhật trình).
  51. ↑ Chú thích trống (trợ giúp) , tr. Thiếu tham số! (Bản mẫu:P.)64-65.
  52. ↑ Tate 2004, tr. 805-806.
  53. ↑ See Lee (2005), p. 125 ff.
  54. ↑ W. Pohl, "Justinian and the Barbarian Kingdoms", in Maas (2005), pp. 448–476; 472
  55. ↑ See Haldon (2003), pp. 17–19.
  56. ↑ Ostrogorski 1996, tr. 99.
  57. ↑ Tate 2004, tr. 353-364.
  58. ↑ Cheynet 2012, tr. 31-32.
  59. ↑ Tate 2004, tr. 348-351.
  60. ↑ Allgemein zu Fragen der Innenpolitik, aber auch bezüglich des kulturellen Lebens, empfehlen sich die entsprechenden Abschnitte in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, wo ein knapper Überblick mit Verweisen auf Quellen und die moderne Literatur geboten wird.
  61. ↑ Diehl, Charles. Theodora, Empress of Byzantium ((c) 1972 by Frederick Ungar Publishing, Inc., transl. by S.R. Rosenbaum from the original French Theodora, Imperatice de Byzance), 89.
  62. ↑ Vasiliev (1958), p. 157.
  63. ↑ J. Norwich, Byzantium: The Early Centuries, 200
  64. ↑ Lemerle 1975, tr. 53-54.
  65. ↑ Maraval 2016, tr. 343-344.
  66. ↑ Maraval 2016, tr. 311.
  67. ↑ Kaplan 2016, tr. 120.
  68. ↑ Tate 2004, tr. 74-75.
  69. ↑ Morrisson 2004, tr. 190-191.
  70. ↑ Morrisson 2004, tr. 235-236.
  71. ↑ Maas 2005, tr. 66.
  72. ↑ Tate 2004, tr. 470.

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